Document(s) 9 of 10

barangay – a village, the lowest political unit, Philippines

BBS – Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics

CBMS – Community-Based Monitoring System

CECI – Centre d’étude et de coopération internationale, Canada

CEDRES – Centre d’Étude, de Documentation et de Recherche Économique et Sociale, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency

Comprehensive Development Framework – a set of principles promulgated by the World Bank to guide development and poverty reduction, including the provision of external assistance. The approach emphasizes the interdependence of all elements of development: social, structural, human, governance, environmental, economic, and financial.

commune – communal administrative unit or village, the lowest administrative unit, Vietnam

CREA – Centre de recherches économiques appliquées, Senegal

CSPro System – Census and Survey Processing System

decentralization – the process of bringing decision-making and governance closer to the people or citizens. It can include political decentralization, giving citizens or their elected representatives more power in public decision-making; administrative decentralization , redistributing authority, responsibility, and financial resources for providing public services among different levels of governance; and fiscal decentralization , enabling local governments to raise revenues and giving them the authority to make decisions about expenditures.

deconcentration – In Cambodia, deconcentration refers to the codification of an expanded role for provincial and district levels of government. It involves delegating activities from the central level and establishing funding mechanisms to support this delegation. Decentralization in Cambodia refers to the creation, regulation, and support of elected commune governments (Manor 1999).

DOLISA – Provincial Department of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, Vietnam

EMICoV – Enquête Modulaire Integrée sur les Conditions de Vie (integrated modular survey of household living conditions), Benin

Gender-responsive budgeting initiatives primarily aim to ensure the equitable allocation of government budgets. The goal is to reflect the different needs and priorities of men and women, girls and boys, in policies and budgets; to signal that these should not be assumed to be identical; and to ensure that the services and other elements funded through budgets cater to different needs and priorities.

GIS – geographic information system

HEPR – Program on Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction, Vietnman

HLSS – Household Living Standards Survey, Vietnam

INSD – Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie, Burkina Faso

kecamatan – a subdivision of a regency or city (both one administrative level lower than a province), Indonesia

kelurahan – a village, the lowest level of government administration, Indonesia

LGU – Local Government Unit. Under decentralization in the Philippines, LGUs are defined as the lowest level of government with assigned jurisdictional authority and with local autonomy as set out in the local government code of the Philippines (see www.dilg.gov.ph/LocalGovernmentCode.aspx#b1t1c1).

LLPMS – Local-Level Poverty-Monitoring System, Bangladesh

MDGs – United Nations Millennium Development Goals. A set of eight goals — which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education by the target date of 2015 — agreed to by all the world’s countries and all the world’s leading development institutions in September 2000.

MIMAP – Micro Impacts of Macroeconomic and Adjustment Policies, a former IDRC program

MOLISA – Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, Vietnam

NAPC – National Anti-Poverty Commission, Philippines

NGO – non-governmental organization

NIS – National Institute of Statistics, Cambodia

NRDB – Natural Resource Database

NSC – National Statistics Centre, Lao PDR

OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

participatory rural appraisal – an approach used by NGOs and other international development agencies to incorporate the knowledge and opinions of rural people in planning and managing projects and programs

PME – Participatory monitoring and evaluation is a process through which stakeholders at various levels engage in monitoring or evaluating a particular project, program, or policy, share control over the content, the process, and the results of the activity, and engage in taking or identifying corrective actions.

poverty line – the minimum level of income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate standard of living in a given country. The World Bank defines extreme economic poverty as living on less than US$1.25 per day (at 2005 prices, adjusted to account for the most recent differences in purchasing power across countries).

PPDO – Provincial Planning and Development Office, Philippines

PRSP – Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. This document is required by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank before a country can be considered for debt relief within the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative. It describes a country’s macroeconomic, structural, and social policies and programs to promote growth and reduce poverty, as well as associated external financing needs.

SEILA program – an aid-mobilization and coordination framework to support Cambodia’s decentralization and deconcentration reforms, launched in 1999 and completed in 2006

structural adjustment programs – economic policies that countries must follow to qualify for new World Bank and International Monetary Fund loans and help them make debt repayments on older debts owed to commercial banks, governments, and the World Bank. They have common guiding principles and features, including export-led growth, privatization and liberalization, and the efficiency of the free market.

subsidiarity – the principle that matters should be handled by the smallest or lowest competent authority

Union Parishad – the third tier of local government in Bangladesh comprised of a collection of village-level (gram parishads) units

Upazila – a sub-district: Bangladesh’s intermediate local government level, introduced with decentralization in the mid-1980s

UNDP – United Nations Development Programme

UNESCAP – United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

VDGs – Vietnam Development Goals

WDR –World Development Report, published annually by the World Bank

Document(s) 9 of 10